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Mechanism
for forming fuel gases
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Stages:
1.
Boil off light oils
2.
Boil off heavy oils (as condensed particles)
3.
Boil off waxes, gums and tars (as condensed particles)
4.
Cleave macromolecules and release carbon gases with carbon numbers
1 to 6
5.
Reacts carbonized residue with water to form, in order of
occurrence: carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide,
ammonia and other gases.
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1.
All carbonaceous materials, as they are forced into the arc,
dissociate into atoms, atomic ions and small amounts of diatomic molecular
ions and radicals.
2.
Upon exiting the arc, the components react rapidly to form a small
number of simple molecules, mostly: hydrogen
(approx. 45%), carbon monoxide (approx. 37%), carbon dioxide (approx.
10%), molecular nitrogen, methane and trace amounts of gases with carbon
numbers less than 3.
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Major
differences in the product gases
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1.
Volume % of carbon monoxide is greater than hydrogen's (problem for
turbines)
2.
Contains gums, waxes and tars (cleanup problem)
3.
Contains nitric oxide (usually too difficult to remove)
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1.
Volume % of hydrogen is greater than carbon monoxide's (great for
turbines)
2.
No gums or waxes
3.
Molecular nitrogen (N2) is the major nitrogen compound
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Gas
cleaning
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Big
heat management (and loss) problem.
Usually,
the stages of gas cleaning are:
1. Heat
the product gas to vaporize the waxes, gums and tars
2.
Filter to remove the alkali metal particles.
3.
Cool product gas to condense the waxes and gums.
4.
Remove waxes, gums and tars with a wet scrubber.
(Filters don't work well.)
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No heat
management problem.
Pass
hot or cooled gas through ceramic or glass fiber filter.
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When
acid or base gases are present
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Adjust
scrubber for one, dewater the gas and use dry absorber for the other.
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Dewater
and dry absorbers.
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"TrueFuel™ is the Answer"